toqito.channels.choi

Generates the Choi channel.

Module Contents

toqito.channels.choi.choi(a_var=1, b_var=1, c_var=0)[source]

Produce the Choi channel or one of its generalizations [@Choi_1992_Generalized].

The Choi channel is a positive map on 3-by-3 matrices that is capable of detecting some entanglement that the transpose map is not.

The standard Choi channel defined with a=1, b=1, and c=0 is the Choi matrix of the positive map defined in [@Choi_1992_Generalized]. Many of these maps are capable of detecting PPT entanglement.

Examples

The standard Choi channel is given as

[

Phi_{1, 1, 0} = begin{pmatrix}

1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 \ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \ -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 \ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \ -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1

end{pmatrix}

]

We can generate the Choi channel in |toqito⟩ as follows.

```python exec=”1” source=”above” import numpy as np from toqito.channels import choi

print(choi()) ```

The reduction channel is the map (R) defined by:

[

R(X) = text{Tr}(X) mathbb{I} - X.

]

The matrix correspond to this is given as

[

Phi_{0, 1, 1} = begin{pmatrix}

0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 \ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \ -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 \ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \ -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0

end{pmatrix}

]

The reduction channel is the Choi channel that arises when a = 0 and when b = c = 1. We can obtain this matrix using |toqito⟩ as follows.

```python exec=”1” source=”above” import numpy as np from toqito.channels import choi

print(choi(0, 1, 1)) ```

!!! See Also

[reduction][toqito.channels.reduction.reduction]

Parameters:
  • a_var (int) – Default integer for standard Choi map.

  • b_var (int) – Default integer for standard Choi map.

  • c_var (int) – Default integer for standard Choi map.

Returns:

The Choi channel (or one of its generalizations).

Return type:

numpy.ndarray