toqito.channels.dephasing

toqito.channels.dephasing(dim, param_p=0)[source]

Produce the partially dephasing channel [WatDeph18].

The Choi matrix of the completely dephasing channel that acts on dim-by-dim matrices.

Let \(\Sigma\) be an alphabet and let \(\mathcal{X} = \mathbb{C}^{\Sigma}\). The map \(\Delta \in \text{T}(\mathcal{X})\) defined as

\[\Delta(X) = \sum_{a \in \Sigma} X(a, a) E_{a,a}\]

for every \(X \in \text{L}(\mathcal{X})\) is defined as the completely dephasing channel.

Examples

The completely dephasing channel maps kills everything off the diagonal. Consider the following matrix

\[\begin{split}\rho = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\ 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 \\ 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\ 13 & 14 & 15 & 16 \end{pmatrix}.\end{split}\]

Applying the dephasing channel to \(\rho\) we have that

\[\begin{split}\Phi(\rho) = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 6 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 11 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 16 \end{pmatrix}.\end{split}\]

This can be observed in toqito as follows.

>>> from toqito.channel_ops import apply_channel
>>> from toqito.channels import dephasing
>>> import numpy as np
>>> test_input_mat = np.array(
>>>     [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12], [13, 14, 15, 16]]
>>> )
>>> apply_channel(test_input_mat, dephasing(4))
[[ 1.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
 [ 0.,  6.,  0.,  0.],
 [ 0.,  0., 11.,  0.],
 [ 0.,  0.,  0., 16.]])

We may also consider setting the parameter p = 0.5.

>>> from toqito.channel_ops import apply_channel
>>> from toqito.channels import dephasing
>>> import numpy as np
>>> test_input_mat = np.array(
>>>     [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12], [13, 14, 15, 16]]
>>> )
>>> apply_channel(test_input_mat, dephasing(4, 0.5))
[[17.5  0.   0.   0. ]
 [ 0.  20.   0.   0. ]
 [ 0.   0.  22.5  0. ]
 [ 0.   0.   0.  25. ]]

References

[WatDeph18]

Watrous, John. “The theory of quantum information.” Section: “The completely dephasing channel”. Cambridge University Press, 2018.

Parameters:
  • dim – The dimensionality on which the channel acts.

  • param_p – Default is 0.

Returns:

The Choi matrix of the dephasing channel.